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... | @@ -7,11 +7,11 @@ |
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**Mots clés** : colormap (discrétisation ; ListedColormap...), colorbar
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**Mots clés** : colormap (discrétisation ; ListedColormap...), colorbar
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<img src="uploads/3495d20090b9fa6f99526442c859cf9b/carte.png" width = "240">
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_Exemple de carte d'intensité de pluie avec tracé des rivières et d'un BV ; colormap discrète définie par une liste de couleurs ; on verra dans l'atelier comment faire mieux en discrétisant une colormap continue prédéfinie_
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_Exemple de carte d'intensité de pluie avec tracé des rivières et d'un BV ; colormap discrète définie par une liste de couleurs ; on verra dans l'atelier comment faire mieux en discrétisant une colormap continue prédéfinie_
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Sur le REPL.it, on ne travaille qu'avec une petite matrice sortie du chapeau . Cela permet néanmoins de voir les bases : \* l'instruction imshow pour tracer le champ de valeurs sur une grille (en numéros de ligne et numéros de colonne) \* l'argument extent pour tracer avec, par exemple, des coordonnées Lambert \* faire appraraître une échelle de couleurs et la customiser.
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[Sur le REPL.it, une série de cartes simples est proposée](https://replit.com/@CPoulard/LaCartoAvecMplMatshowEtShapely#main.py), on ne travaille qu'avec une petite matrice 5x5 sortie du chapeau . Cela permet néanmoins de voir les bases : \* l'instruction **imshow** pour tracer le champ de valeurs sur une grille (en numéros de ligne et numéros de colonne) \* l'argument **extent** pour tracer avec, par exemple, des coordonnées Lambert \* faire appraaître **une échelle de couleurs et la customiser**.
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Sur ce git, le code est plus complet, et permet de tracer :
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Sur ce git, le code est plus complet, et permet de tracer :
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| ... | @@ -21,10 +21,14 @@ Sur ce git, le code est plus complet, et permet de tracer : |
... | @@ -21,10 +21,14 @@ Sur ce git, le code est plus complet, et permet de tracer : |
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## Premier contact avec _plt.matshow_, sur une matrice simple
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## Premier contact avec _plt.matshow_, sur une matrice simple
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Un premier contact avec la méthode plt.imshow ou plt.matshow, où on passe juste une matrice (ici, une liste de listes). C'est l'exemple repris dans le REPL.
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Un premier contact avec la méthode plt.imshow ou plt.matshow, où on passe juste une matrice (ici, une liste de listes). C'est l'exemple mis en ligne dans le REPL.
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| 1) méthode `matshow `en spécifiant uniquement la matrice ; 2) à la deuxième étape on a ajouté une `colorbar ` | 3) méthode `matshow`en spécifiant l'argument extent, ce qui revient à définir les coordonnées des 4 coins |
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```python
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```python
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from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
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from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
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# méthode matshow en spécifiant uniquement la matrice
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plt.matshow([[1, 2, 30, 50, 120], [21, 2, 50, 50, 90], [-1, 2, -30, 50, -120], [41, 42, 80, 50, 50], [9, 29, 39, 590, 10]])
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plt.matshow([[1, 2, 30, 50, 120], [21, 2, 50, 50, 90], [-1, 2, -30, 50, -120], [41, 42, 80, 50, 50], [9, 29, 39, 590, 10]])
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plt.show()
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plt.show()
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| ... | @@ -45,7 +49,9 @@ from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle |
... | @@ -45,7 +49,9 @@ from matplotlib.patches import Rectangle |
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fig = plt.figure("D'une matrice à une carte de champ")
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fig = plt.figure("D'une matrice à une carte de champ")
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ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
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ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
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ax.set_title("défaut : centres des pixels \n sur les points de grille")
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ax.set_title("défaut : centres des pixels \n sur les points de grille")
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# on a ajouté une colorbar sans spécifier d'arguments
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cax = ax.matshow([[1, 2, 30, 50, 120], [21, 2, 50, 50, 90], [-1, 2, -30, 50, -120], [41, 42, 80, 50, 50], [9, 29, 39, 590, 10]])
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cax = ax.matshow([[1, 2, 30, 50, 120], [21, 2, 50, 50, 90], [-1, 2, -30, 50, -120], [41, 42, 80, 50, 50], [9, 29, 39, 590, 10]])
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# on définit un rectangle puis on l'ajoute à cax pour se repérer
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case_en_haut_a_gauche = Rectangle((0, 0), width=1, height=1, lw=2, edgecolor='orange',
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case_en_haut_a_gauche = Rectangle((0, 0), width=1, height=1, lw=2, edgecolor='orange',
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facecolor='None')
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facecolor='None')
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| ... | @@ -76,8 +82,13 @@ fig.show() |
... | @@ -76,8 +82,13 @@ fig.show() |
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```
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```
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### Personnaliser l'échelle colorimétrique
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### Personnaliser l'échelle colorimétrique
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| 4) on peut définir une colormap par une liste de couleurs, et spécifier des limites de classe ; notez les classes pour "-200 et moins" ou "500 et plus" | 5) quand c'est préférable, on peut partir d'une échelle colorimétrique continue que l'on va découper en N classes. Il reste possible de la modifier couleur par couleur. |
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Avec une liste de couleurs définies par l'utilisateur, objet ListedColorMaps. Je choisis aussi les limites de classe avec bounds.
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On peut personnaliser la barre de couleurs, en imposant les couleurs et les limites de classe, et en ajoutant un titre par exemple.
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Dans un premier temps, on va passer une liste de couleurs définies par l'utilisateur, instance de la classe ListedColorMaps. Je choisis aussi les limites de classe avec bounds.
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```python
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```python
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from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap as mpl_colors_ListedColormap
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from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap as mpl_colors_ListedColormap
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| ... | @@ -98,9 +109,7 @@ plt.tick_params(labeltop=False, labelbottom=True) |
... | @@ -98,9 +109,7 @@ plt.tick_params(labeltop=False, labelbottom=True) |
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fig.show()
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fig.show()
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```
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```
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En m'appuyant sur une colormap continue, dont je peux aussi comme précédemment forcer le découpage avec bounds (mais je ne maîtrise pas les nuances de couleurs dans chaque classe) définies par l'utilisateur, objet ListedColorMaps. Je choisis aussi les limites de classe avec bounds.
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Je peux également partir d'\[une colormap continue existante\]([https://matplotlib.org/3.1.1/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html](https://matplotlib.org/3.1.1/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html)), et forcer le découpage en classes avec bounds.
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[https://matplotlib.org/3.1.1/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html](https://matplotlib.org/3.1.1/gallery/color/colormap_reference.html)
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```python
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```python
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from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap as mpl_colors_ListedColormap
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from matplotlib.colors import ListedColormap as mpl_colors_ListedColormap
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