diff --git a/vignettes/V05_Modelling_ungauged_nodes.Rmd b/vignettes/V05_Modelling_ungauged_nodes.Rmd index a4ce418651b5682b1be15828de432e11f5a6fa9e..b81c4e438b20391ee2872126c610c77eb8c904f1 100644 --- a/vignettes/V05_Modelling_ungauged_nodes.Rmd +++ b/vignettes/V05_Modelling_ungauged_nodes.Rmd @@ -23,20 +23,23 @@ knitr::opts_chunk$set( library(airGRiwrm) ``` -## Why modeling ungauged station in the semi-distributed model? +An *Ungauged* station is a virtual hydrometric station where no observed flows are +available for calibration. -Ungauged nodes in the semi-distributed model can be used to reach two different goals: +## Why modeling *Ungauged* station in a semi-distributed model? + +*Ungauged* nodes in a semi-distributed model can be used to reach two different goals: - increase spatial resolution of the rain fall to improve streamflow simulation [@lobligeoisWhenDoesHigher2014]. - simulate streamflows in location of interest for management purpose -This vignette introduces the implementation in airGRiwrm of the method developped by @lobligeoisMieuxConnaitreDistribution2014 for calibrating ungauged nodes in a +This vignette introduces the implementation in airGRiwrm of the method developed by @lobligeoisMieuxConnaitreDistribution2014 for calibrating *Ungauged* nodes in a semi-distributed model. ## Presentation of the study case Using the study case of the vignette #1 and #2, we consider this time that nodes `54001` and -`54029` are ungauged. We simulate the streamflow at these locations by sharing +`54029` are *Ungauged*. We simulate the streamflow at these locations by sharing hydrological parameters of the gauged node `54032`. ```{r network, echo = FALSE} @@ -69,16 +72,22 @@ class id95,54002 UpGau ") ``` -Hydrological parameters at the ungauged nodes will be the same as the one at the gauged node `54032` except for the unit hydrograph parameter which depend on the area of the sub-basin. @lobligeoisMieuxConnaitreDistribution2014 provides the following conversion formula for this parameter: +Hydrological parameters at the ungauged nodes will be the same as the one at the +gauged node `54032` except for the unit hydrograph parameter which depend on the +area of the sub-basin. @lobligeoisMieuxConnaitreDistribution2014 provides the +following conversion formula for this parameter: $$ x_{4i} = \left( \dfrac{S_i}{S_{BV}} \right) ^ {0.3} X_4 $$ -With $X_4$ the unit hydrograph parameter for the entire basin at `54032` which as an area of $S_{BV}$; $S_i$ the area and $x_{4i}$ the parameter for the sub-basin $i$. +With $X_4$ the unit hydrograph parameter for the entire basin at `54032` which +as an area of $S_{BV}$; $S_i$ the area and $x_{4i}$ the parameter for the +sub-basin $i$. -## Using ungauged stations in the airGRiwrm model +## Using *Ungauged* stations in the airGRiwrm model -Ungauged stations are specified by using the model "Ungauged" in the `model` column provided in the `CreateGRiwrm` function: +*Ungauged* stations are specified by using the model `"Ungauged"` in the `model` +column provided in the `CreateGRiwrm` function: ```{r griwrm} data(Severn) @@ -92,7 +101,15 @@ griwrmV05 <- CreateGRiwrm( griwrmV05 ``` -On the following network scheme, the ungauged nodes are cleared than gauged ones with the same color (blue for upstream nodes and green for intermediate and downstream nodes) +It should be noted that the `GRiwrm` object includes a column which automatically +define the first gauged station at downstream for each *Ungauged* node. +It is also possible to manually define the donor node of an *Ungauged* node, +which may be upstream or in a parallel sub-basin. Type `?CreateGRiwrm` for more +details. + +On the following network scheme, the *Ungauged* nodes are clearer than gauged ones +with the same color (blue for upstream nodes and green for intermediate and +downstream nodes) ```{r plot_network} plot(griwrmV05) @@ -143,7 +160,7 @@ InputsCrit <- CreateInputsCrit(IM_U, CalibOptions <- CreateCalibOptions(IM_U) ``` -The **airGR** calibration process is applied on each hydrological node of the `GRiwrm` network from upstream nodes to downstream nodes but this time the calibration of the sub-basin `54032` invokes a semi-distributed model composed of the nodes `54029`, `54001` and `54032`. +The **airGR** calibration process is applied on each hydrological node of the `GRiwrm` network from upstream nodes to downstream nodes but this time the calibration of the sub-basin `54032` invokes a semi-distributed model composed of the nodes `54029`, `54001` and `54032` sharing the same parameters. ```{r Calibration} OC_U <- suppressWarnings( @@ -154,7 +171,7 @@ Hydrological parameters for sub-basins ## Run the model with the optimized model parameters -The hydrological model uses parameters herited from the calibration of the gauged sub-basin `54032` for the ungauged nodes `54001` and `54029`: +The hydrological model uses parameters inherited from the calibration of the gauged sub-basin `54032` for the *Ungauged* nodes `54001` and `54029`: ```{r param} ParamV05 <- sapply(griwrmV05$id, function(x) {OC_U[[x]]$Param}) @@ -177,7 +194,7 @@ OutputsModels <- RunModel( ) ``` -and plot the comparison of the modeled and the observed flows including on the so-called "ungauged" stations : +and plot the comparison of the modeled and the observed flows including the so-called *Ungauged* stations : ```{r plot, fig.height = 5, fig.width = 8} plot(OutputsModels, Qobs = Qobs[IndPeriod_Run,], which = c("Regime", "CumFreq"))